الاعجاز العلمى فى حديث الذبابه مرفق معه البحث العلمى الطبى

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم(اذا وقع الذباب فى شراب احدكم فليغمسه ثم لينزعه فان فى احدى جناحيه داء وفى الاخرى شفاء) رواه البخارى البيهقى
                                اليكم البحث العلمى
BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATED FROM THE COMMON HOUSE FLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA). BY RICHARD E. SHOPE, M.D. (From the Department of Animal Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. Y.) (Received for publication, March 7, 1927.) INTRODUCTION. It is known, through the work of others, that the house fly, when fed cultures of various pathogenic bacteria, harbors them for a longer or shorter time but that they finally disappear entirely. Various explanations of this elimination have been offered or are suggested by the facts presented. Wollman (1) regarded the process as entirely mechanical. In the case presented by Jones and Little (2) an actual rapid sterilization was observed in which more subtle factors are obviously concerned. Glaser and Sanderson, in unpublished observations from this laboratory, found in house flies bacteriophage active against Staphylococcus muscae, a microorganism which gives rise to a definite disease of this insect (Glaser (3)). This observation offered the suggestion that bacteriophage might be found more widely active and might be concerned in the natural process of removal of foreign bacteria when these are fed to the fly. Duncan (4) has recently studied the same problem and discovered a bactericidal principle active against many species of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of various insects, the fly among them. The references above generally commeDted on are more specifically as follows. Graham-Smith (5) found that, with flies fed on cultures, B. prodiglosus (page 96) could survive in the crop only about 17 days. B. enteritidis Giirtner (page 146) could be recovered from the gut contents up to the 7th day. B. typhosus (page 130) up to the 6th day, and V. cholerze (page 173) for 2 days after ingestion by the insect. Manson-Bahr (6) found that B. dysenteri~e Shiga, from a culture, survived in the gut contents of flies 4 days. Naturally infected flies, he thought, carried the organ- 1037 1038 BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATED FROM HOUSE FLY isms for a much longer time. Wollman (1) observed that flies fed on cultures of B. typhosus and B. dys~nterize and then transferred daily to aseptic surroundings became free of the specific bacteria in from 8 to 10 days. Jones and Little (2), in conducting an investigation on infectious ophthalmia of cattle, made the observation that the causative diplobacillus was not capable of surviving as long as 5 minutes in the gastrointestinal tract of the house fly. Duncan (4) isolated a bactericidal principle from the alimentary tracts of a number of insects and arachnids. He included Musca domestica in the series of insects found by him to contain this bactericidal principle in their gastrointestinal contents. He considered that this principle might be a bacteriophage but was forced to discard the possibility as the substance he described exhibited none of the essential properties of this principle. The experimental work recorded in the following pages was conducted with the purpose of determining any bactericidal action which might pertain to the house fly, and its result has been to identify bacteriophage very active against a number of bacteria, as well as an inhibitory substance, not identified with bacteriophage, and active still more widely. EXPERIMENTAL. 1000 house flies were obtained from the vicinity of a hog lot, etherized and ground in a mortar with physiological salt solution in the prop6rtion of l0 flies per cc. This mixture was filtered first through paper, then through a Berkefeld N filter. A clear, dark, straw-colored fluid was obtained which gave no bacterial growth when incubated on the ordinary culture media. This fluid was kept at refrigerator temperature and was used as the starting point for most of the ex. perimental work here reported. Two organisms were used at the outset to determine whether or not the fly filtrate just described contained substances which were either bactericidal or capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. One of these was a non-mucoid strain of B. coli 223 of calf origin (7), and the other B. paratyphi Type I of guinea pig origin (. Plain bouillon (pH 7.5), 5 cc. per tube, was used as the culture medium and the fly filtrate was adde

قام الاستاذ الدكتور ريتشارد شوب بعزل بكريوفاج من الذابه المنزليه الذى يعمل على قتل البكتريا الضاره

                                                                      اللهم صلى وسلم على سيدنا محمد 
                                                       اصدق البشر الذى لا ينطق عن الهوى ان هو الا وحى يوحى

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