وابيضت عيناه من الحزن -يوسف 48

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم


قال الله تعالى
وَتَوَلَّىٰ عَنْهُمْ وَقَالَ يَا أَسَفَىٰ عَلَىٰ يُوسُفَ وَابْيَضَّتْ عَيْنَاهُ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ فَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ (84)



                                  علاقه الحزن المستمر بفقد البصر



[size=11][url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#]Pak J Med Sci[/url]. 2015 May-Jun; 31(3): 626–631.
doi:  10.12669/pjms.313.7091
PMCID: PMC4485284
Dry eye disease and depression-anxiety-stress: A hospital-based case control study in Turkey
[url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yilmaz U[Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26150857]Ugur Yilmaz[/url],1 [url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gokler ME[Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26150857]Mehmet Enes Gokler[/url],2 and [url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Unsal A[Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26150857]Alaettin Unsal[/url]3
[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#]Author information ►[/url] [url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#]Article notes ►[/url] [url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#]Copyright and License information ►[/url]

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Abstract

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and psychosomatic conditions, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, and the distribution of associated risk factors.

Methods:

In this case control study, the sample consisted of 121 DED subjects and 242 control subjects. Each subjects was diagnosed as having DED or not by an ophthalmologist. Ocular Surface Disease Index and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were administered to all subjects. Data were analysed using chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests as a univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression as a multivariate analysis.

Results:

Of 1,458 consecutive outpatients, clinically diagnosed DED was present in 121 individuals (8.3%). There was a significant relationship of family history of DED (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.84-2.41), chronic disease history (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.66-4.87), OSDI score (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.97–4.06), depression (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.30-3.27), anxiety (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.67-4.23), and stress (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.48-3.67) with DED.

Conclusion:

Individuals with depression, anxiety and stress are more likely to experience DED. In addition to confirming some well-known risk factors, this study has found new associations between DED and a family history of DED and the presence of stress.
KEY WORDS: Dry eye disease, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Turkey
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INTRODUCTION

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease that affects tears and the ocular surface, and it results in damage to the ocular surface according to the International Dry Eye Work Shop in 2007.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref1]1[/url] DED is an important public health problem and causes ocular discomfort and visual disturbances that may interfere with daily activities such as reading, working on a computer and driving.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref2]2[/url] In addition, the symptoms of DED can progress to complications such as corneal epithelial defects, recurrent conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, corneal scarification or perforation, and loss of vision.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref2]2[/url]
Globally, the prevalence of DED varies within a wide range depending on the definition of DED, age distribution of the population and the methodology. The prevalence of dry eye disease ranges from 5.5% to 50.1% in community-based epidemiological studies[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref3]3[/url]-[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref6]6[/url] and ranges from 7.99% to 29.9% in some hospital-based studies.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref7]7[/url]-[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref11]11[/url]
The prevalence of DED may vary with sex, age and geography. The disease prevalence seems to be higher in females, elderly individuals and Asians.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref1]1[/url],[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref5]5[/url],[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref6]6[/url] It is important to understand the impact of factors that could affect the ocular surface and cause dry eye symptoms. Studies have shown that hormonal changes, smoking, ocular surgery, medications, indoor pollutants, low humidity, high room temperature and contact lens wear are risk factors of DED.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref1]1[/url],[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref11]11[/url]
The symptoms of dry eye disease include burning, itching, redness, the sensation of a foreign body sensation object in the eye, and pain. These symptoms are rarely severe but decrease the individual’s quality of life and have a negative impact on the individual’s mood and mental health.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref2]2[/url],[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref12]12[/url] Studies have shown that the symptom severity is not only associated with corneal sensations or ocular surface damage, but is also associated with individual pain perception or psychosomatic conditions such as depression, stress, and anxiety.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref13]13[/url],[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref14]14[/url] Additionally, patients with depression or anxiety may have a greater likelihood of developing DED due to antianxiety and antidepressant medications.[url=file:///D:/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84 %D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89 (%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%AA %D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87 %D9%85%D9%86 %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D9%86.htm#ref15]15[/url]
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between DED and psychosomatic conditions, such as deprstress, anxiety
   
البحث يقول ان الحزن المستمر والاكتئاب يؤدى الى مرض جفاف العين dry eye disease وهو بدوره يؤدى الى التهاب القرنيه الجاف وتليف القرنيه (ابيضاض العين وفقد البصر)

                                                                          صدق الله العظيم وبلغ رسوله الكريم[/size]

وتولى عنهم وقال يا أسفى علي يوسف وابيضت عيناه من الحزن فهو كظيم صدق الله العظيم
هذا هو فرااااق المحب لحبيبة جعله من شدة الوجد فقد بصره لفقد حبيبه هذا أقوى تعبير قرأته في حياتي كلما اقرأ هذه الآية الكريمة تهزني هزا وتزرف دموعي زرفا وتوجع قلبي وجعا لفقد الحبيب

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